2 Models and managers for generic tagging.
4 # Python 2.3 compatibility
5 if not hasattr(__builtins__, 'set'):
6 from sets import Set as set
8 from django.contrib.contenttypes import generic
9 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
10 from django.db import connection, models
11 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
12 from django.db.models.base import ModelBase
14 qn = connection.ops.quote_name
17 from django.db.models.query import parse_lookup
22 def get_queryset_and_model(queryset_or_model):
24 Given a ``QuerySet`` or a ``Model``, returns a two-tuple of
27 If a ``Model`` is given, the ``QuerySet`` returned will be created
28 using its default manager.
31 return queryset_or_model, queryset_or_model.model
32 except AttributeError:
33 return queryset_or_model._default_manager.all(), queryset_or_model
39 class TagManager(models.Manager):
40 def __init__(self, intermediary_table_model):
41 super(TagManager, self).__init__()
42 self.intermediary_table_model = intermediary_table_model
44 def update_tags(self, obj, tags):
46 Update tags associated with an object.
48 content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(obj)
49 current_tags = list(self.filter(items__content_type__pk=content_type.pk,
50 items__object_id=obj.pk))
51 updated_tags = self.model.get_tag_list(tags)
53 # Remove tags which no longer apply
54 tags_for_removal = [tag for tag in current_tags \
55 if tag not in updated_tags]
56 if len(tags_for_removal):
57 self.intermediary_table_model._default_manager.filter(content_type__pk=content_type.pk,
59 tag__in=tags_for_removal).delete()
61 for tag in updated_tags:
62 if tag not in current_tags:
63 self.intermediary_table_model._default_manager.create(tag=tag, content_object=obj)
65 def remove_tag(self, obj, tag):
67 Remove tag from an object.
69 content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(obj)
70 self.intermediary_table_model._default_manager.filter(content_type__pk=content_type.pk,
71 object_id=obj.pk, tag=tag).delete()
73 def get_for_object(self, obj):
75 Create a queryset matching all tags associated with the given
78 ctype = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(obj)
79 return self.filter(items__content_type__pk=ctype.pk,
80 items__object_id=obj.pk)
82 def _get_usage(self, model, counts=False, min_count=None, extra_joins=None, extra_criteria=None, params=None, extra=None):
84 Perform the custom SQL query for ``usage_for_model`` and
85 ``usage_for_queryset``.
87 if min_count is not None: counts = True
89 model_table = qn(model._meta.db_table)
90 model_pk = '%s.%s' % (model_table, qn(model._meta.pk.column))
91 tag_columns = self._get_tag_columns()
93 if extra is None: extra = {}
96 extra_where = 'AND ' + ' AND '.join(extra['where'])
99 SELECT DISTINCT %(tag_columns)s%(count_sql)s
102 INNER JOIN %(tagged_item)s
103 ON %(tag)s.id = %(tagged_item)s.tag_id
105 ON %(tagged_item)s.object_id = %(model_pk)s
107 WHERE %(tagged_item)s.content_type_id = %(content_type_id)s
110 GROUP BY %(tag)s.id, %(tag)s.name
112 ORDER BY %(tag)s.%(ordering)s ASC""" % {
113 'tag': qn(self.model._meta.db_table),
114 'ordering': ', '.join(qn(field) for field in self.model._meta.ordering),
115 'tag_columns': tag_columns,
116 'count_sql': counts and (', COUNT(%s)' % model_pk) or '',
117 'tagged_item': qn(self.intermediary_table_model._meta.db_table),
118 'model': model_table,
119 'model_pk': model_pk,
120 'extra_where': extra_where,
121 'content_type_id': ContentType.objects.get_for_model(model).pk,
125 if min_count is not None:
126 min_count_sql = 'HAVING COUNT(%s) >= %%s' % model_pk
127 params.append(min_count)
129 cursor = connection.cursor()
130 cursor.execute(query % (extra_joins, extra_criteria, min_count_sql), params)
132 for row in cursor.fetchall():
133 t = self.model(*row[:len(self.model._meta.fields)])
135 t.count = row[len(self.model._meta.fields)]
139 def usage_for_model(self, model, counts=False, min_count=None, filters=None, extra=None):
141 Obtain a list of tags associated with instances of the given
144 If ``counts`` is True, a ``count`` attribute will be added to
145 each tag, indicating how many times it has been used against
146 the Model class in question.
148 If ``min_count`` is given, only tags which have a ``count``
149 greater than or equal to ``min_count`` will be returned.
150 Passing a value for ``min_count`` implies ``counts=True``.
152 To limit the tags (and counts, if specified) returned to those
153 used by a subset of the Model's instances, pass a dictionary
154 of field lookups to be applied to the given Model as the
155 ``filters`` argument.
157 if extra is None: extra = {}
158 if filters is None: filters = {}
161 # post-queryset-refactor (hand off to usage_for_queryset)
162 queryset = model._default_manager.filter()
163 for f in filters.items():
164 queryset.query.add_filter(f)
165 usage = self.usage_for_queryset(queryset, counts, min_count, extra)
167 # pre-queryset-refactor
172 joins, where, params = parse_lookup(filters.items(), model._meta)
173 extra_joins = ' '.join(['%s %s AS %s ON %s' % (join_type, table, alias, condition)
174 for (alias, (table, join_type, condition)) in joins.items()])
175 extra_criteria = 'AND %s' % (' AND '.join(where))
176 usage = self._get_usage(model, counts, min_count, extra_joins, extra_criteria, params, extra)
180 def usage_for_queryset(self, queryset, counts=False, min_count=None, extra=None):
182 Obtain a list of tags associated with instances of a model
183 contained in the given queryset.
185 If ``counts`` is True, a ``count`` attribute will be added to
186 each tag, indicating how many times it has been used against
187 the Model class in question.
189 If ``min_count`` is given, only tags which have a ``count``
190 greater than or equal to ``min_count`` will be returned.
191 Passing a value for ``min_count`` implies ``counts=True``.
194 raise AttributeError("'TagManager.usage_for_queryset' is not compatible with pre-queryset-refactor versions of Django.")
196 extra_joins = ' '.join(queryset.query.get_from_clause()[0][1:])
197 where, params = queryset.query.where.as_sql()
199 extra_criteria = 'AND %s' % where
202 return self._get_usage(queryset.model, counts, min_count, extra_joins, extra_criteria, params, extra)
204 def related_for_model(self, tags, model, counts=False, min_count=None, extra=None):
206 Obtain a list of tags related to a given list of tags - that
207 is, other tags used by items which have all the given tags.
209 If ``counts`` is True, a ``count`` attribute will be added to
210 each tag, indicating the number of items which have it in
211 addition to the given list of tags.
213 If ``min_count`` is given, only tags which have a ``count``
214 greater than or equal to ``min_count`` will be returned.
215 Passing a value for ``min_count`` implies ``counts=True``.
217 if min_count is not None: counts = True
218 tags = self.model.get_tag_list(tags)
219 tag_count = len(tags)
220 tagged_item_table = qn(self.intermediary_table_model._meta.db_table)
221 tag_columns = self._get_tag_columns()
223 if extra is None: extra = {}
226 extra_where = 'AND ' + ' AND '.join(extra['where'])
228 # Temporary table in this query is a hack to prevent MySQL from executing
229 # inner query as dependant query (which could result in severe performance loss)
231 SELECT %(tag_columns)s%(count_sql)s
232 FROM %(tagged_item)s INNER JOIN %(tag)s ON %(tagged_item)s.tag_id = %(tag)s.id
233 WHERE %(tagged_item)s.content_type_id = %(content_type_id)s
234 AND %(tagged_item)s.object_id IN
238 SELECT %(tagged_item)s.object_id
239 FROM %(tagged_item)s, %(tag)s
240 WHERE %(tagged_item)s.content_type_id = %(content_type_id)s
241 AND %(tag)s.id = %(tagged_item)s.tag_id
242 AND %(tag)s.id IN (%(tag_id_placeholders)s)
243 GROUP BY %(tagged_item)s.object_id
244 HAVING COUNT(%(tagged_item)s.object_id) = %(tag_count)s
247 AND %(tag)s.id NOT IN (%(tag_id_placeholders)s)
249 GROUP BY %(tag_columns)s
251 ORDER BY %(tag)s.%(ordering)s ASC""" % {
252 'tag': qn(self.model._meta.db_table),
253 'ordering': ', '.join(qn(field) for field in self.model._meta.ordering),
254 'tag_columns': tag_columns,
255 'count_sql': counts and ', COUNT(%s.object_id)' % tagged_item_table or '',
256 'tagged_item': tagged_item_table,
257 'content_type_id': ContentType.objects.get_for_model(model).pk,
258 'tag_id_placeholders': ','.join(['%s'] * tag_count),
259 'extra_where': extra_where,
260 'tag_count': tag_count,
261 'min_count_sql': min_count is not None and ('HAVING COUNT(%s.object_id) >= %%s' % tagged_item_table) or '',
264 params = [tag.pk for tag in tags] * 2
265 if min_count is not None:
266 params.append(min_count)
268 cursor = connection.cursor()
269 cursor.execute(query, params)
271 for row in cursor.fetchall():
272 tag = self.model(*row[:len(self.model._meta.fields)])
274 tag.count = row[len(self.model._meta.fields)]
278 def _get_tag_columns(self):
279 tag_table = qn(self.model._meta.db_table)
280 return ', '.join('%s.%s' % (tag_table, qn(field.column)) for field in self.model._meta.fields)
283 class TaggedItemManager(models.Manager):
285 FIXME There's currently no way to get the ``GROUP BY`` and ``HAVING``
286 SQL clauses required by many of this manager's methods into
289 For now, we manually execute a query to retrieve the PKs of
290 objects we're interested in, then use the ORM's ``__in``
291 lookup to return a ``QuerySet``.
293 Once the queryset-refactor branch lands in trunk, this can be
294 tidied up significantly.
296 def __init__(self, tag_model):
297 super(TaggedItemManager, self).__init__()
298 self.tag_model = tag_model
300 def get_by_model(self, queryset_or_model, tags):
302 Create a ``QuerySet`` containing instances of the specified
303 model associated with a given tag or list of tags.
305 tags = self.tag_model.get_tag_list(tags)
306 tag_count = len(tags)
308 # No existing tags were given
309 queryset, model = get_queryset_and_model(queryset_or_model)
310 return model._default_manager.none()
312 # Optimisation for single tag - fall through to the simpler
316 return self.get_intersection_by_model(queryset_or_model, tags)
318 queryset, model = get_queryset_and_model(queryset_or_model)
319 content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(model)
320 opts = self.model._meta
321 tagged_item_table = qn(opts.db_table)
322 return queryset.extra(
323 tables=[opts.db_table],
325 '%s.content_type_id = %%s' % tagged_item_table,
326 '%s.tag_id = %%s' % tagged_item_table,
327 '%s.%s = %s.object_id' % (qn(model._meta.db_table),
328 qn(model._meta.pk.column),
331 params=[content_type.pk, tag.pk],
334 def get_intersection_by_model(self, queryset_or_model, tags):
336 Create a ``QuerySet`` containing instances of the specified
337 model associated with *all* of the given list of tags.
339 tags = self.tag_model.get_tag_list(tags)
340 tag_count = len(tags)
341 queryset, model = get_queryset_and_model(queryset_or_model)
344 return model._default_manager.none()
346 model_table = qn(model._meta.db_table)
347 # This query selects the ids of all objects which have all the
351 FROM %(model)s, %(tagged_item)s
352 WHERE %(tagged_item)s.content_type_id = %(content_type_id)s
353 AND %(tagged_item)s.tag_id IN (%(tag_id_placeholders)s)
354 AND %(model_pk)s = %(tagged_item)s.object_id
355 GROUP BY %(model_pk)s
356 HAVING COUNT(%(model_pk)s) = %(tag_count)s""" % {
357 'model_pk': '%s.%s' % (model_table, qn(model._meta.pk.column)),
358 'model': model_table,
359 'tagged_item': qn(self.model._meta.db_table),
360 'content_type_id': ContentType.objects.get_for_model(model).pk,
361 'tag_id_placeholders': ','.join(['%s'] * tag_count),
362 'tag_count': tag_count,
365 cursor = connection.cursor()
366 cursor.execute(query, [tag.pk for tag in tags])
367 object_ids = [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
368 if len(object_ids) > 0:
369 return queryset.filter(pk__in=object_ids)
371 return model._default_manager.none()
373 def get_union_by_model(self, queryset_or_model, tags):
375 Create a ``QuerySet`` containing instances of the specified
376 model associated with *any* of the given list of tags.
378 tags = self.tag_model.get_tag_list(tags)
379 tag_count = len(tags)
380 queryset, model = get_queryset_and_model(queryset_or_model)
383 return model._default_manager.none()
385 model_table = qn(model._meta.db_table)
386 # This query selects the ids of all objects which have any of
390 FROM %(model)s, %(tagged_item)s
391 WHERE %(tagged_item)s.content_type_id = %(content_type_id)s
392 AND %(tagged_item)s.tag_id IN (%(tag_id_placeholders)s)
393 AND %(model_pk)s = %(tagged_item)s.object_id
394 GROUP BY %(model_pk)s""" % {
395 'model_pk': '%s.%s' % (model_table, qn(model._meta.pk.column)),
396 'model': model_table,
397 'tagged_item': qn(self.model._meta.db_table),
398 'content_type_id': ContentType.objects.get_for_model(model).pk,
399 'tag_id_placeholders': ','.join(['%s'] * tag_count),
402 cursor = connection.cursor()
403 cursor.execute(query, [tag.pk for tag in tags])
404 object_ids = [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
405 if len(object_ids) > 0:
406 return queryset.filter(pk__in=object_ids)
408 return model._default_manager.none()
410 def get_related(self, obj, queryset_or_model, num=None):
412 Retrieve a list of instances of the specified model which share
413 tags with the model instance ``obj``, ordered by the number of
414 shared tags in descending order.
416 If ``num`` is given, a maximum of ``num`` instances will be
419 queryset, model = get_queryset_and_model(queryset_or_model)
420 model_table = qn(model._meta.db_table)
421 content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(obj)
422 related_content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(model)
424 SELECT %(model_pk)s, COUNT(related_tagged_item.object_id) AS %(count)s
425 FROM %(model)s, %(tagged_item)s, %(tag)s, %(tagged_item)s related_tagged_item
426 WHERE %(tagged_item)s.object_id = %%s
427 AND %(tagged_item)s.content_type_id = %(content_type_id)s
428 AND %(tag)s.id = %(tagged_item)s.tag_id
429 AND related_tagged_item.content_type_id = %(related_content_type_id)s
430 AND related_tagged_item.tag_id = %(tagged_item)s.tag_id
431 AND %(model_pk)s = related_tagged_item.object_id"""
432 if content_type.pk == related_content_type.pk:
433 # Exclude the given instance itself if determining related
434 # instances for the same model.
436 AND related_tagged_item.object_id != %(tagged_item)s.object_id"""
438 GROUP BY %(model_pk)s
439 ORDER BY %(count)s DESC
442 'model_pk': '%s.%s' % (model_table, qn(model._meta.pk.column)),
443 'count': qn('count'),
444 'model': model_table,
445 'tagged_item': qn(self.model._meta.db_table),
446 'tag': qn(self.model._meta.get_field('tag').rel.to._meta.db_table),
447 'content_type_id': content_type.pk,
448 'related_content_type_id': related_content_type.pk,
449 'limit_offset': num is not None and connection.ops.limit_offset_sql(num) or '',
452 cursor = connection.cursor()
453 cursor.execute(query, [obj.pk])
454 object_ids = [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
455 if len(object_ids) > 0:
456 # Use in_bulk here instead of an id__in lookup, because id__in would
457 # clobber the ordering.
458 object_dict = queryset.in_bulk(object_ids)
459 return [object_dict[object_id] for object_id in object_ids \
460 if object_id in object_dict]
468 def create_intermediary_table_model(model):
469 """Create an intermediary table model for the specific tag model"""
470 name = model.__name__ + 'Relation'
473 db_table = '%s_relation' % model._meta.db_table
474 unique_together = (('tag', 'content_type', 'object_id'),)
476 def obj_unicode(self):
477 return u'%s [%s]' % (self.content_type.get_object_for_this_type(pk=self.object_id), self.tag)
479 # Set up a dictionary to simulate declarations within a class
481 '__module__': model.__module__,
483 'tag': models.ForeignKey(model, verbose_name=_('tag'), related_name='items'),
484 'content_type': models.ForeignKey(ContentType, verbose_name=_('content type')),
485 'object_id': models.PositiveIntegerField(_('object id'), db_index=True),
486 'content_object': generic.GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id'),
487 '__unicode__': obj_unicode,
490 return type(name, (models.Model,), attrs)
493 class TagMeta(ModelBase):
494 "Metaclass for tag models (models inheriting from TagBase)."
495 def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
496 model = super(TagMeta, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
497 if not model._meta.abstract:
498 # Create an intermediary table and register custom managers for concrete models
499 model.intermediary_table_model = create_intermediary_table_model(model)
500 TagManager(model.intermediary_table_model).contribute_to_class(model, 'objects')
501 TaggedItemManager(model).contribute_to_class(model.intermediary_table_model, 'objects')
505 class TagBase(models.Model):
506 """Abstract class to be inherited by model classes."""
507 __metaclass__ = TagMeta
513 def get_tag_list(tag_list):
515 Utility function for accepting tag input in a flexible manner.
517 You should probably override this method in your subclass.
519 if isinstance(tag_list, TagBase):