1 <!-- Mathematical, Greek and Symbolic characters for HTML -->
3 <!-- Character entity set. Typical invocation:
4 <!ENTITY % HTMLsymbol PUBLIC
5 "-//W3C//ENTITIES Symbols for XHTML//EN"
6 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml-symbol.ent">
10 <!-- Portions (C) International Organization for Standardization 1986:
11 Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with
12 conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in
13 ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies.
16 <!-- Relevant ISO entity set is given unless names are newly introduced.
17 New names (i.e., not in ISO 8879 list) do not clash with any
18 existing ISO 8879 entity names. ISO 10646 character numbers
19 are given for each character, in hex. values are decimal
20 conversions of the ISO 10646 values and refer to the document
21 character set. Names are Unicode names.
24 <!-- Latin Extended-B -->
25 <!ENTITY fnof "ƒ"> <!-- latin small f with hook = function
26 = florin, U+0192 ISOtech -->
29 <!ENTITY Alpha "Α"> <!-- greek capital letter alpha, U+0391 -->
30 <!ENTITY Beta "Β"> <!-- greek capital letter beta, U+0392 -->
31 <!ENTITY Gamma "Γ"> <!-- greek capital letter gamma,
33 <!ENTITY Delta "Δ"> <!-- greek capital letter delta,
35 <!ENTITY Epsilon "Ε"> <!-- greek capital letter epsilon, U+0395 -->
36 <!ENTITY Zeta "Ζ"> <!-- greek capital letter zeta, U+0396 -->
37 <!ENTITY Eta "Η"> <!-- greek capital letter eta, U+0397 -->
38 <!ENTITY Theta "Θ"> <!-- greek capital letter theta,
40 <!ENTITY Iota "Ι"> <!-- greek capital letter iota, U+0399 -->
41 <!ENTITY Kappa "Κ"> <!-- greek capital letter kappa, U+039A -->
42 <!ENTITY Lambda "Λ"> <!-- greek capital letter lambda,
44 <!ENTITY Mu "Μ"> <!-- greek capital letter mu, U+039C -->
45 <!ENTITY Nu "Ν"> <!-- greek capital letter nu, U+039D -->
46 <!ENTITY Xi "Ξ"> <!-- greek capital letter xi, U+039E ISOgrk3 -->
47 <!ENTITY Omicron "Ο"> <!-- greek capital letter omicron, U+039F -->
48 <!ENTITY Pi "Π"> <!-- greek capital letter pi, U+03A0 ISOgrk3 -->
49 <!ENTITY Rho "Ρ"> <!-- greek capital letter rho, U+03A1 -->
50 <!-- there is no Sigmaf, and no U+03A2 character either -->
51 <!ENTITY Sigma "Σ"> <!-- greek capital letter sigma,
53 <!ENTITY Tau "Τ"> <!-- greek capital letter tau, U+03A4 -->
54 <!ENTITY Upsilon "Υ"> <!-- greek capital letter upsilon,
56 <!ENTITY Phi "Φ"> <!-- greek capital letter phi,
58 <!ENTITY Chi "Χ"> <!-- greek capital letter chi, U+03A7 -->
59 <!ENTITY Psi "Ψ"> <!-- greek capital letter psi,
61 <!ENTITY Omega "Ω"> <!-- greek capital letter omega,
64 <!ENTITY alpha "α"> <!-- greek small letter alpha,
66 <!ENTITY beta "β"> <!-- greek small letter beta, U+03B2 ISOgrk3 -->
67 <!ENTITY gamma "γ"> <!-- greek small letter gamma,
69 <!ENTITY delta "δ"> <!-- greek small letter delta,
71 <!ENTITY epsilon "ε"> <!-- greek small letter epsilon,
73 <!ENTITY zeta "ζ"> <!-- greek small letter zeta, U+03B6 ISOgrk3 -->
74 <!ENTITY eta "η"> <!-- greek small letter eta, U+03B7 ISOgrk3 -->
75 <!ENTITY theta "θ"> <!-- greek small letter theta,
77 <!ENTITY iota "ι"> <!-- greek small letter iota, U+03B9 ISOgrk3 -->
78 <!ENTITY kappa "κ"> <!-- greek small letter kappa,
80 <!ENTITY lambda "λ"> <!-- greek small letter lambda,
82 <!ENTITY mu "μ"> <!-- greek small letter mu, U+03BC ISOgrk3 -->
83 <!ENTITY nu "ν"> <!-- greek small letter nu, U+03BD ISOgrk3 -->
84 <!ENTITY xi "ξ"> <!-- greek small letter xi, U+03BE ISOgrk3 -->
85 <!ENTITY omicron "ο"> <!-- greek small letter omicron, U+03BF NEW -->
86 <!ENTITY pi "π"> <!-- greek small letter pi, U+03C0 ISOgrk3 -->
87 <!ENTITY rho "ρ"> <!-- greek small letter rho, U+03C1 ISOgrk3 -->
88 <!ENTITY sigmaf "ς"> <!-- greek small letter final sigma,
90 <!ENTITY sigma "σ"> <!-- greek small letter sigma,
92 <!ENTITY tau "τ"> <!-- greek small letter tau, U+03C4 ISOgrk3 -->
93 <!ENTITY upsilon "υ"> <!-- greek small letter upsilon,
95 <!ENTITY phi "φ"> <!-- greek small letter phi, U+03C6 ISOgrk3 -->
96 <!ENTITY chi "χ"> <!-- greek small letter chi, U+03C7 ISOgrk3 -->
97 <!ENTITY psi "ψ"> <!-- greek small letter psi, U+03C8 ISOgrk3 -->
98 <!ENTITY omega "ω"> <!-- greek small letter omega,
100 <!ENTITY thetasym "ϑ"> <!-- greek small letter theta symbol,
102 <!ENTITY upsih "ϒ"> <!-- greek upsilon with hook symbol,
104 <!ENTITY piv "ϖ"> <!-- greek pi symbol, U+03D6 ISOgrk3 -->
106 <!-- General Punctuation -->
107 <!ENTITY bull "•"> <!-- bullet = black small circle,
109 <!-- bullet is NOT the same as bullet operator, U+2219 -->
110 <!ENTITY hellip "…"> <!-- horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader,
112 <!ENTITY prime "′"> <!-- prime = minutes = feet, U+2032 ISOtech -->
113 <!ENTITY Prime "″"> <!-- double prime = seconds = inches,
115 <!ENTITY oline "‾"> <!-- overline = spacing overscore,
117 <!ENTITY frasl "⁄"> <!-- fraction slash, U+2044 NEW -->
119 <!-- Letterlike Symbols -->
120 <!ENTITY weierp "℘"> <!-- script capital P = power set
121 = Weierstrass p, U+2118 ISOamso -->
122 <!ENTITY image "ℑ"> <!-- blackletter capital I = imaginary part,
124 <!ENTITY real "ℜ"> <!-- blackletter capital R = real part symbol,
126 <!ENTITY trade "™"> <!-- trade mark sign, U+2122 ISOnum -->
127 <!ENTITY alefsym "ℵ"> <!-- alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal,
129 <!-- alef symbol is NOT the same as hebrew letter alef,
130 U+05D0 although the same glyph could be used to depict both characters -->
133 <!ENTITY larr "←"> <!-- leftwards arrow, U+2190 ISOnum -->
134 <!ENTITY uarr "↑"> <!-- upwards arrow, U+2191 ISOnum-->
135 <!ENTITY rarr "→"> <!-- rightwards arrow, U+2192 ISOnum -->
136 <!ENTITY darr "↓"> <!-- downwards arrow, U+2193 ISOnum -->
137 <!ENTITY harr "↔"> <!-- left right arrow, U+2194 ISOamsa -->
138 <!ENTITY crarr "↵"> <!-- downwards arrow with corner leftwards
139 = carriage return, U+21B5 NEW -->
140 <!ENTITY lArr "⇐"> <!-- leftwards double arrow, U+21D0 ISOtech -->
141 <!-- Unicode does not say that lArr is the same as the 'is implied by' arrow
142 but also does not have any other character for that function. So ? lArr can
143 be used for 'is implied by' as ISOtech suggests -->
144 <!ENTITY uArr "⇑"> <!-- upwards double arrow, U+21D1 ISOamsa -->
145 <!ENTITY rArr "⇒"> <!-- rightwards double arrow,
147 <!-- Unicode does not say this is the 'implies' character but does not have
148 another character with this function so ?
149 rArr can be used for 'implies' as ISOtech suggests -->
150 <!ENTITY dArr "⇓"> <!-- downwards double arrow, U+21D3 ISOamsa -->
151 <!ENTITY hArr "⇔"> <!-- left right double arrow,
154 <!-- Mathematical Operators -->
155 <!ENTITY forall "∀"> <!-- for all, U+2200 ISOtech -->
156 <!ENTITY part "∂"> <!-- partial differential, U+2202 ISOtech -->
157 <!ENTITY exist "∃"> <!-- there exists, U+2203 ISOtech -->
158 <!ENTITY empty "∅"> <!-- empty set = null set = diameter,
160 <!ENTITY nabla "∇"> <!-- nabla = backward difference,
162 <!ENTITY isin "∈"> <!-- element of, U+2208 ISOtech -->
163 <!ENTITY notin "∉"> <!-- not an element of, U+2209 ISOtech -->
164 <!ENTITY ni "∋"> <!-- contains as member, U+220B ISOtech -->
165 <!-- should there be a more memorable name than 'ni'? -->
166 <!ENTITY prod "∏"> <!-- n-ary product = product sign,
168 <!-- prod is NOT the same character as U+03A0 'greek capital letter pi' though
169 the same glyph might be used for both -->
170 <!ENTITY sum "∑"> <!-- n-ary sumation, U+2211 ISOamsb -->
171 <!-- sum is NOT the same character as U+03A3 'greek capital letter sigma'
172 though the same glyph might be used for both -->
173 <!ENTITY minus "−"> <!-- minus sign, U+2212 ISOtech -->
174 <!ENTITY lowast "∗"> <!-- asterisk operator, U+2217 ISOtech -->
175 <!ENTITY radic "√"> <!-- square root = radical sign,
177 <!ENTITY prop "∝"> <!-- proportional to, U+221D ISOtech -->
178 <!ENTITY infin "∞"> <!-- infinity, U+221E ISOtech -->
179 <!ENTITY ang "∠"> <!-- angle, U+2220 ISOamso -->
180 <!ENTITY and "∧"> <!-- logical and = wedge, U+2227 ISOtech -->
181 <!ENTITY or "∨"> <!-- logical or = vee, U+2228 ISOtech -->
182 <!ENTITY cap "∩"> <!-- intersection = cap, U+2229 ISOtech -->
183 <!ENTITY cup "∪"> <!-- union = cup, U+222A ISOtech -->
184 <!ENTITY int "∫"> <!-- integral, U+222B ISOtech -->
185 <!ENTITY there4 "∴"> <!-- therefore, U+2234 ISOtech -->
186 <!ENTITY sim "∼"> <!-- tilde operator = varies with = similar to,
188 <!-- tilde operator is NOT the same character as the tilde, U+007E,
189 although the same glyph might be used to represent both -->
190 <!ENTITY cong "≅"> <!-- approximately equal to, U+2245 ISOtech -->
191 <!ENTITY asymp "≈"> <!-- almost equal to = asymptotic to,
193 <!ENTITY ne "≠"> <!-- not equal to, U+2260 ISOtech -->
194 <!ENTITY equiv "≡"> <!-- identical to, U+2261 ISOtech -->
195 <!ENTITY le "≤"> <!-- less-than or equal to, U+2264 ISOtech -->
196 <!ENTITY ge "≥"> <!-- greater-than or equal to,
198 <!ENTITY sub "⊂"> <!-- subset of, U+2282 ISOtech -->
199 <!ENTITY sup "⊃"> <!-- superset of, U+2283 ISOtech -->
200 <!-- note that nsup, 'not a superset of, U+2283' is not covered by the Symbol
201 font encoding and is not included. Should it be, for symmetry?
203 <!ENTITY nsub "⊄"> <!-- not a subset of, U+2284 ISOamsn -->
204 <!ENTITY sube "⊆"> <!-- subset of or equal to, U+2286 ISOtech -->
205 <!ENTITY supe "⊇"> <!-- superset of or equal to,
207 <!ENTITY oplus "⊕"> <!-- circled plus = direct sum,
209 <!ENTITY otimes "⊗"> <!-- circled times = vector product,
211 <!ENTITY perp "⊥"> <!-- up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular,
213 <!ENTITY sdot "⋅"> <!-- dot operator, U+22C5 ISOamsb -->
214 <!-- dot operator is NOT the same character as U+00B7 middle dot -->
216 <!-- Miscellaneous Technical -->
217 <!ENTITY lceil "⌈"> <!-- left ceiling = apl upstile,
219 <!ENTITY rceil "⌉"> <!-- right ceiling, U+2309 ISOamsc -->
220 <!ENTITY lfloor "⌊"> <!-- left floor = apl downstile,
222 <!ENTITY rfloor "⌋"> <!-- right floor, U+230B ISOamsc -->
223 <!ENTITY lang "〈"> <!-- left-pointing angle bracket = bra,
225 <!-- lang is NOT the same character as U+003C 'less than'
226 or U+2039 'single left-pointing angle quotation mark' -->
227 <!ENTITY rang "〉"> <!-- right-pointing angle bracket = ket,
229 <!-- rang is NOT the same character as U+003E 'greater than'
230 or U+203A 'single right-pointing angle quotation mark' -->
232 <!-- Geometric Shapes -->
233 <!ENTITY loz "◊"> <!-- lozenge, U+25CA ISOpub -->
235 <!-- Miscellaneous Symbols -->
236 <!ENTITY spades "♠"> <!-- black spade suit, U+2660 ISOpub -->
237 <!-- black here seems to mean filled as opposed to hollow -->
238 <!ENTITY clubs "♣"> <!-- black club suit = shamrock,
240 <!ENTITY hearts "♥"> <!-- black heart suit = valentine,
242 <!ENTITY diams "♦"> <!-- black diamond suit, U+2666 ISOpub -->