search result display
[wolnelektury.git] / apps / catalogue / models.py
index 3fd80ef..9f26ae5 100644 (file)
@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@
 # Copyright © Fundacja Nowoczesna Polska. See NOTICE for more information.
 #
 from collections import namedtuple
-from datetime import datetime
 
 from django.db import models
 from django.db.models import permalink, Q
 import django.dispatch
-from django.core.cache import cache
+from django.core.cache import get_cache
 from django.core.files.storage import DefaultStorage
 from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
@@ -18,19 +17,23 @@ from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
 from django.utils.translation import get_language
 from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
 from django.db.models.signals import post_save, m2m_changed, pre_delete
+import jsonfield
 
 from django.conf import settings
 
 from newtagging.models import TagBase, tags_updated
 from newtagging import managers
 from catalogue.fields import JSONField, OverwritingFileField
-from catalogue.utils import create_zip
+from catalogue.utils import create_zip, split_tags
+from catalogue.tasks import touch_tag, index_book
 from shutil import copy
 from glob import glob
 import re
 from os import path
 
+import search
 
+# Those are hard-coded here so that makemessages sees them.
 TAG_CATEGORIES = (
     ('author', _('author')),
     ('epoch', _('epoch')),
@@ -41,8 +44,8 @@ TAG_CATEGORIES = (
     ('book', _('book')),
 )
 
-# not quite, but Django wants you to set a timeout
-CACHE_FOREVER = 2419200  # 28 days
+
+permanent_cache = get_cache('permanent')
 
 
 class TagSubcategoryManager(models.Manager):
@@ -61,7 +64,6 @@ class Tag(TagBase):
     category = models.CharField(_('category'), max_length=50, blank=False, null=False,
         db_index=True, choices=TAG_CATEGORIES)
     description = models.TextField(_('description'), blank=True)
-    main_page = models.BooleanField(_('main page'), default=False, db_index=True, help_text=_('Show tag on main page'))
 
     user = models.ForeignKey(User, blank=True, null=True)
     book_count = models.IntegerField(_('book count'), blank=True, null=True)
@@ -106,25 +108,22 @@ class Tag(TagBase):
     has_description.boolean = True
 
     def get_count(self):
-        """ returns global book count for book tags, fragment count for themes """
-
-        if self.book_count is None:
-            if self.category == 'book':
-                # never used
-                objects = Book.objects.none()
-            elif self.category == 'theme':
-                objects = Fragment.tagged.with_all((self,))
-            else:
-                objects = Book.tagged.with_all((self,)).order_by()
-                if self.category != 'set':
-                    # eliminate descendants
-                    l_tags = Tag.objects.filter(slug__in=[book.book_tag_slug() for book in objects])
-                    descendants_keys = [book.pk for book in Book.tagged.with_any(l_tags)]
-                    if descendants_keys:
-                        objects = objects.exclude(pk__in=descendants_keys)
-            self.book_count = objects.count()
-            self.save()
-        return self.book_count
+        """Returns global book count for book tags, fragment count for themes."""
+
+        if self.category == 'book':
+            # never used
+            objects = Book.objects.none()
+        elif self.category == 'theme':
+            objects = Fragment.tagged.with_all((self,))
+        else:
+            objects = Book.tagged.with_all((self,)).order_by()
+            if self.category != 'set':
+                # eliminate descendants
+                l_tags = Tag.objects.filter(slug__in=[book.book_tag_slug() for book in objects])
+                descendants_keys = [book.pk for book in Book.tagged.with_any(l_tags)]
+                if descendants_keys:
+                    objects = objects.exclude(pk__in=descendants_keys)
+        return objects.count()
 
     @staticmethod
     def get_tag_list(tags):
@@ -168,6 +167,35 @@ class Tag(TagBase):
     def url_chunk(self):
         return '/'.join((Tag.categories_dict[self.category], self.slug))
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def tags_from_info(info):
+        from slughifi import slughifi
+        from sortify import sortify
+        meta_tags = []
+        categories = (('kinds', 'kind'), ('genres', 'genre'), ('authors', 'author'), ('epochs', 'epoch'))
+        for field_name, category in categories:
+            try:
+                tag_names = getattr(info, field_name)
+            except:
+                try:
+                    tag_names = [getattr(info, category)]
+                except:
+                    # For instance, Pictures do not have 'genre' field.
+                    continue
+            for tag_name in tag_names:
+                tag_sort_key = tag_name
+                if category == 'author':
+                    tag_sort_key = tag_name.last_name
+                    tag_name = tag_name.readable()
+                tag, created = Tag.objects.get_or_create(slug=slughifi(tag_name), category=category)
+                if created:
+                    tag.name = tag_name
+                    tag.sort_key = sortify(tag_sort_key.lower())
+                    tag.save()
+                meta_tags.append(tag)
+        return meta_tags
+
+
 
 def get_dynamic_path(media, filename, ext=None, maxlen=100):
     from slughifi import slughifi
@@ -195,7 +223,7 @@ def get_customized_pdf_path(book, customizations):
     customizations.sort()
     h = hash(tuple(customizations))
 
-    pdf_name = '%s-custom-%s' % (book.fileid(), h)
+    pdf_name = '%s-custom-%s' % (book.slug, h)
     pdf_file = get_dynamic_path(None, pdf_name, ext='pdf')
 
     return pdf_file
@@ -205,7 +233,7 @@ def get_existing_customized_pdf(book):
     """
     Returns a list of paths to generated customized pdf of a book
     """
-    pdf_glob = '%s-custom-' % (book.fileid(),)
+    pdf_glob = '%s-custom-' % (book.slug,)
     pdf_glob = get_dynamic_path(None, pdf_glob, ext='pdf')
     pdf_glob = re.sub(r"[.]([a-z0-9]+)$", "*.\\1", pdf_glob)
     return glob(path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, pdf_glob))
@@ -244,7 +272,7 @@ class BookMedia(models.Model):
         try:
             old = BookMedia.objects.get(pk=self.pk)
         except BookMedia.DoesNotExist, e:
-            pass
+            old = None
         else:
             # if name changed, change the file name, too
             if slughifi(self.name) != slughifi(old.name):
@@ -253,7 +281,9 @@ class BookMedia(models.Model):
         super(BookMedia, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
 
         # remove the zip package for book with modified media
-        remove_zip(self.book.fileid())
+        if old:
+            remove_zip("%s_%s" % (old.book.slug, old.type))
+        remove_zip("%s_%s" % (self.book.slug, self.type))
 
         extra_info = self.get_extra_info_value()
         extra_info.update(self.read_meta())
@@ -322,7 +352,9 @@ class BookMedia(models.Model):
 class Book(models.Model):
     title         = models.CharField(_('title'), max_length=120)
     sort_key = models.CharField(_('sort key'), max_length=120, db_index=True, editable=False)
-    slug          = models.SlugField(_('slug'), max_length=120, db_index=True)
+    slug = models.SlugField(_('slug'), max_length=120, db_index=True,
+            unique=True)
+    common_slug = models.SlugField(_('slug'), max_length=120, db_index=True)
     language = models.CharField(_('language code'), max_length=3, db_index=True,
                     default=settings.CATALOGUE_DEFAULT_LANGUAGE)
     description   = models.TextField(_('description'), blank=True)
@@ -334,10 +366,15 @@ class Book(models.Model):
     wiki_link     = models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=240)
     # files generated during publication
 
+    cover = models.FileField(_('cover'), upload_to=book_upload_path('png'),
+                null=True, blank=True)
     ebook_formats = ['pdf', 'epub', 'mobi', 'txt']
     formats = ebook_formats + ['html', 'xml']
 
     parent        = models.ForeignKey('self', blank=True, null=True, related_name='children')
+
+    _related_info = jsonfield.JSONField(blank=True, null=True, editable=False)
+
     objects  = models.Manager()
     tagged   = managers.ModelTaggedItemManager(Tag)
     tags     = managers.TagDescriptor(Tag)
@@ -345,14 +382,10 @@ class Book(models.Model):
     html_built = django.dispatch.Signal()
     published = django.dispatch.Signal()
 
-    URLID_RE = r'[a-z0-9-]+(?:/[a-z]{3})?'
-    FILEID_RE = r'[a-z0-9-]+(?:_[a-z]{3})?'
-
     class AlreadyExists(Exception):
         pass
 
     class Meta:
-        unique_together = [['slug', 'language']]
         ordering = ('sort_key',)
         verbose_name = _('book')
         verbose_name_plural = _('books')
@@ -360,42 +393,6 @@ class Book(models.Model):
     def __unicode__(self):
         return self.title
 
-    def urlid(self, sep='/'):
-        stem = self.slug
-        if self.language != settings.CATALOGUE_DEFAULT_LANGUAGE:
-            stem += sep + self.language
-        return stem
-
-    def fileid(self):
-        return self.urlid('_')
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def split_urlid(urlid, sep='/', default_lang=settings.CATALOGUE_DEFAULT_LANGUAGE):
-        """Splits a URL book id into slug and language code.
-        
-        Returns a dictionary usable i.e. for object lookup, or None.
-
-        >>> Book.split_urlid("a-slug/pol", default_lang="eng")
-        {'slug': 'a-slug', 'language': 'pol'}
-        >>> Book.split_urlid("a-slug", default_lang="eng")
-        {'slug': 'a-slug', 'language': 'eng'}
-        >>> Book.split_urlid("a-slug_pol", "_", default_lang="eng")
-        {'slug': 'a-slug', 'language': 'pol'}
-        >>> Book.split_urlid("a-slug/eng", default_lang="eng")
-
-        """
-        parts = urlid.rsplit(sep, 1)
-        if len(parts) == 2:
-            if parts[1] == default_lang:
-                return None
-            return {'slug': parts[0], 'language': parts[1]}
-        else:
-            return {'slug': urlid, 'language': default_lang}
-
-    @classmethod
-    def split_fileid(cls, fileid):
-        return cls.split_urlid(fileid, '_')
-
     def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, reset_short_html=True, **kwargs):
         from sortify import sortify
 
@@ -410,18 +407,14 @@ class Book(models.Model):
 
     @permalink
     def get_absolute_url(self):
-        return ('catalogue.views.book_detail', [self.urlid()])
+        return ('catalogue.views.book_detail', [self.slug])
 
     @property
     def name(self):
         return self.title
 
     def book_tag_slug(self):
-        stem = 'l-' + self.slug
-        if self.language != settings.CATALOGUE_DEFAULT_LANGUAGE:
-            return stem[:116] + ' ' + self.language
-        else:
-            return stem[:120]
+        return ('l-' + self.slug)[:120]
 
     def book_tag(self):
         slug = self.book_tag_slug()
@@ -460,66 +453,11 @@ class Book(models.Model):
         if self.id is None:
             return
 
-        cache_key = "Book.short_html/%d/%s"
-        for lang, langname in settings.LANGUAGES:
-            cache.delete(cache_key % (self.id, lang))
+        type(self).objects.filter(pk=self.pk).update(_related_info=None)
         # Fragment.short_html relies on book's tags, so reset it here too
         for fragm in self.fragments.all():
             fragm.reset_short_html()
 
-    def short_html(self):
-        if self.id:
-            cache_key = "Book.short_html/%d/%s" % (self.id, get_language())
-            short_html = cache.get(cache_key)
-        else:
-            short_html = None
-
-        if short_html is not None:
-            return mark_safe(short_html)
-        else:
-            tags = self.tags.filter(~Q(category__in=('set', 'theme', 'book')))
-            tags = [mark_safe(u'<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (tag.get_absolute_url(), tag.name)) for tag in tags]
-
-            formats = []
-            # files generated during publication
-            if self.has_media("html"):
-                formats.append(u'<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (reverse('book_text', args=[self.fileid()]), _('Read online')))
-            for ebook_format in self.ebook_formats:
-                if self.has_media(ebook_format):
-                    formats.append(u'<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (
-                        self.get_media(ebook_format).url,
-                        ebook_format.upper()
-                    ))
-            # other files
-            for m in self.media.order_by('type'):
-                formats.append(u'<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (m.file.url, m.type.upper()))
-
-            formats = [mark_safe(format) for format in formats]
-
-            short_html = unicode(render_to_string('catalogue/book_short.html',
-                {'book': self, 'tags': tags, 'formats': formats}))
-
-            if self.id:
-                cache.set(cache_key, short_html, CACHE_FOREVER)
-            return mark_safe(short_html)
-
-    def mini_box(self):
-        if self.id:
-            cache_key = "Book.mini_boxs/%d" % (self.id, )
-            short_html = cache.get(cache_key)
-        else:
-            short_html = None
-
-        if short_html is None:
-            authors = self.tags.filter(category='author')
-
-            short_html = unicode(render_to_string('catalogue/book_mini_box.html',
-                {'book': self, 'authors': authors, 'STATIC_URL': settings.STATIC_URL}))
-
-            if self.id:
-                cache.set(cache_key, short_html, CACHE_FOREVER)
-        return mark_safe(short_html)
-
     def has_description(self):
         return len(self.description) > 0
     has_description.short_description = _('description')
@@ -542,13 +480,27 @@ class Book(models.Model):
     has_daisy_file.boolean = True
 
     def wldocument(self, parse_dublincore=True):
-        from catalogue.utils import ORMDocProvider
+        from catalogue.import_utils import ORMDocProvider
         from librarian.parser import WLDocument
 
         return WLDocument.from_file(self.xml_file.path,
                 provider=ORMDocProvider(self),
                 parse_dublincore=parse_dublincore)
 
+    def build_cover(self, book_info=None):
+        """(Re)builds the cover image."""
+        from StringIO import StringIO
+        from django.core.files.base import ContentFile
+        from librarian.cover import WLCover
+
+        if book_info is None:
+            book_info = self.wldocument().book_info
+
+        cover = WLCover(book_info).image()
+        imgstr = StringIO()
+        cover.save(imgstr, 'png')
+        self.cover.save(None, ContentFile(imgstr.getvalue()))
+
     def build_pdf(self, customizations=None, file_name=None):
         """ (Re)builds the pdf file.
         customizations - customizations which are passed to LaTeX class file.
@@ -564,7 +516,7 @@ class Book(models.Model):
             # we'd like to be sure not to overwrite changes happening while
             # (timely) pdf generation is taking place (async celery scenario)
             current_self = Book.objects.get(id=self.id)
-            current_self.pdf_file.save('%s.pdf' % self.fileid(),
+            current_self.pdf_file.save('%s.pdf' % self.slug,
                     File(open(pdf.get_filename())))
             self.pdf_file = current_self.pdf_file
 
@@ -587,7 +539,7 @@ class Book(models.Model):
 
         mobi = self.wldocument().as_mobi()
 
-        self.mobi_file.save('%s.mobi' % self.fileid(), File(open(mobi.get_filename())))
+        self.mobi_file.save('%s.mobi' % self.slug, File(open(mobi.get_filename())))
 
         # remove zip with all mobi files
         remove_zip(settings.ALL_MOBI_ZIP)
@@ -599,7 +551,7 @@ class Book(models.Model):
 
         epub = self.wldocument().as_epub()
 
-        self.epub_file.save('%s.epub' % self.fileid(),
+        self.epub_file.save('%s.epub' % self.slug,
                 File(open(epub.get_filename())))
 
         # remove zip package with all epub files
@@ -609,7 +561,7 @@ class Book(models.Model):
         from django.core.files.base import ContentFile
 
         text = self.wldocument().as_text()
-        self.txt_file.save('%s.txt' % self.fileid(), ContentFile(text.get_string()))
+        self.txt_file.save('%s.txt' % self.slug, ContentFile(text.get_string()))
 
 
     def build_html(self):
@@ -624,7 +576,7 @@ class Book(models.Model):
 
         html_output = self.wldocument(parse_dublincore=False).as_html()
         if html_output:
-            self.html_file.save('%s.html' % self.fileid(),
+            self.html_file.save('%s.html' % self.slug,
                     ContentFile(html_output.get_string()))
 
             # get ancestor l-tags for adding to new fragments
@@ -658,8 +610,9 @@ class Book(models.Model):
 
                 text = fragment.to_string()
                 short_text = ''
-                if (len(MarkupString(text)) > 240):
-                    short_text = unicode(MarkupString(text)[:160])
+                markup = MarkupString(text)
+                if (len(markup) > 240):
+                    short_text = unicode(markup[:160])
                 new_fragment = Fragment.objects.create(anchor=fragment.id, book=self,
                     text=text, short_text=short_text)
 
@@ -675,7 +628,7 @@ class Book(models.Model):
         def pretty_file_name(book):
             return "%s/%s.%s" % (
                 b.get_extra_info_value()['author'],
-                b.fileid(),
+                b.slug,
                 format_)
 
         field_name = "%s_file" % format_
@@ -686,12 +639,25 @@ class Book(models.Model):
                     getattr(settings, "ALL_%s_ZIP" % format_.upper()))
         return result.wait()
 
-    def zip_audiobooks(self):
-        bm = BookMedia.objects.filter(book=self, type='mp3')
+    def zip_audiobooks(self, format_):
+        bm = BookMedia.objects.filter(book=self, type=format_)
         paths = map(lambda bm: (None, bm.file.path), bm)
-        result = create_zip.delay(paths, self.fileid())
+        result = create_zip.delay(paths, "%s_%s" % (self.slug, format_))
         return result.wait()
 
+    def search_index(self, book_info=None, reuse_index=False):
+        if reuse_index:
+            idx = search.ReusableIndex()
+        else:
+            idx = search.Index()
+            
+        idx.open()
+        try:
+            idx.index_book(self, book_info)
+            idx.index_tags()
+        finally:
+            idx.close()
+
     @classmethod
     def from_xml_file(cls, xml_file, **kwargs):
         from django.core.files import File
@@ -710,9 +676,9 @@ class Book(models.Model):
 
     @classmethod
     def from_text_and_meta(cls, raw_file, book_info, overwrite=False,
-            build_epub=True, build_txt=True, build_pdf=True, build_mobi=True):
+            build_epub=True, build_txt=True, build_pdf=True, build_mobi=True,
+            search_index=True):
         import re
-        from slughifi import slughifi
         from sortify import sortify
 
         # check for parts before we do anything
@@ -720,51 +686,37 @@ class Book(models.Model):
         if hasattr(book_info, 'parts'):
             for part_url in book_info.parts:
                 try:
-                    children.append(Book.objects.get(
-                        slug=part_url.slug, language=part_url.language))
+                    children.append(Book.objects.get(slug=part_url.slug))
                 except Book.DoesNotExist, e:
-                    raise Book.DoesNotExist(_('Book "%s/%s" does not exist.') %
-                            (part_url.slug, part_url.language))
+                    raise Book.DoesNotExist(_('Book "%s" does not exist.') %
+                            part_url.slug)
 
 
         # Read book metadata
         book_slug = book_info.url.slug
-        language = book_info.language
-        if re.search(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9-]', book_slug):
+        if re.search(r'[^a-z0-9-]', book_slug):
             raise ValueError('Invalid characters in slug')
-        book, created = Book.objects.get_or_create(slug=book_slug, language=language)
+        book, created = Book.objects.get_or_create(slug=book_slug)
 
         if created:
             book_shelves = []
         else:
             if not overwrite:
-                raise Book.AlreadyExists(_('Book %s/%s already exists') % (
-                        book_slug, language))
+                raise Book.AlreadyExists(_('Book %s already exists') % (
+                        book_slug))
             # Save shelves for this book
             book_shelves = list(book.tags.filter(category='set'))
 
+        book.language = book_info.language
         book.title = book_info.title
+        if book_info.variant_of:
+            book.common_slug = book_info.variant_of.slug
+        else:
+            book.common_slug = book.slug
         book.set_extra_info_value(book_info.to_dict())
         book.save()
 
-        meta_tags = []
-        categories = (('kinds', 'kind'), ('genres', 'genre'), ('authors', 'author'), ('epochs', 'epoch'))
-        for field_name, category in categories:
-            try:
-                tag_names = getattr(book_info, field_name)
-            except:
-                tag_names = [getattr(book_info, category)]
-            for tag_name in tag_names:
-                tag_sort_key = tag_name
-                if category == 'author':
-                    tag_sort_key = tag_name.last_name
-                    tag_name = ' '.join(tag_name.first_names) + ' ' + tag_name.last_name
-                tag, created = Tag.objects.get_or_create(slug=slughifi(tag_name), category=category)
-                if created:
-                    tag.name = tag_name
-                    tag.sort_key = sortify(tag_sort_key.lower())
-                    tag.save()
-                meta_tags.append(tag)
+        meta_tags = Tag.tags_from_info(book_info)
 
         book.tags = set(meta_tags + book_shelves)
 
@@ -785,6 +737,8 @@ class Book(models.Model):
             if not settings.NO_BUILD_TXT and build_txt:
                 book.build_txt()
 
+        book.build_cover(book_info)
+
         if not settings.NO_BUILD_EPUB and build_epub:
             book.build_epub()
 
@@ -794,16 +748,25 @@ class Book(models.Model):
         if not settings.NO_BUILD_MOBI and build_mobi:
             book.build_mobi()
 
+        if not settings.NO_SEARCH_INDEX and search_index:
+            book.search_index()
+            #index_book.delay(book.id, book_info)
+
         book_descendants = list(book.children.all())
+        descendants_tags = set()
         # add l-tag to descendants and their fragments
         while len(book_descendants) > 0:
             child_book = book_descendants.pop(0)
+            descendants_tags.update(child_book.tags)
             child_book.tags = list(child_book.tags) + [book_tag]
             child_book.save()
             for fragment in child_book.fragments.all():
                 fragment.tags = set(list(fragment.tags) + [book_tag])
             book_descendants += list(child_book.children.all())
 
+        for tag in descendants_tags:
+            touch_tag.delay(tag)
+
         book.save()
 
         # refresh cache
@@ -813,12 +776,30 @@ class Book(models.Model):
         cls.published.send(sender=book)
         return book
 
+    def related_info(self):
+        """Keeps info about related objects (tags, media) in cache field."""
+        if self._related_info is not None:
+            return self._related_info
+        else:
+            rel = {'tags': {}, 'media': {}}
+            tags = self.tags.filter(category__in=(
+                    'author', 'kind', 'genre', 'epoch'))
+            tags = split_tags(tags)
+            for category in tags:
+                rel['tags'][category] = [
+                        (t.name, t.get_absolute_url()) for t in tags[category]]
+            for media_format in BookMedia.formats:
+                rel['media'][media_format] = self.has_media(media_format)
+            if self.pk:
+                type(self).objects.filter(pk=self.pk).update(_related_info=rel)
+            return rel
+
     def reset_tag_counter(self):
         if self.id is None:
             return
 
         cache_key = "Book.tag_counter/%d" % self.id
-        cache.delete(cache_key)
+        permanent_cache.delete(cache_key)
         if self.parent:
             self.parent.reset_tag_counter()
 
@@ -826,7 +807,7 @@ class Book(models.Model):
     def tag_counter(self):
         if self.id:
             cache_key = "Book.tag_counter/%d" % self.id
-            tags = cache.get(cache_key)
+            tags = permanent_cache.get(cache_key)
         else:
             tags = None
 
@@ -839,7 +820,7 @@ class Book(models.Model):
                 tags[tag.pk] = 1
 
             if self.id:
-                cache.set(cache_key, tags, CACHE_FOREVER)
+                permanent_cache.set(cache_key, tags)
         return tags
 
     def reset_theme_counter(self):
@@ -847,7 +828,7 @@ class Book(models.Model):
             return
 
         cache_key = "Book.theme_counter/%d" % self.id
-        cache.delete(cache_key)
+        permanent_cache.delete(cache_key)
         if self.parent:
             self.parent.reset_theme_counter()
 
@@ -855,7 +836,7 @@ class Book(models.Model):
     def theme_counter(self):
         if self.id:
             cache_key = "Book.theme_counter/%d" % self.id
-            tags = cache.get(cache_key)
+            tags = permanent_cache.get(cache_key)
         else:
             tags = None
 
@@ -866,7 +847,7 @@ class Book(models.Model):
                     tags[tag.pk] = tags.get(tag.pk, 0) + 1
 
             if self.id:
-                cache.set(cache_key, tags, CACHE_FOREVER)
+                permanent_cache.set(cache_key, tags)
         return tags
 
     def pretty_title(self, html_links=False):
@@ -914,7 +895,7 @@ class Book(models.Model):
 
         books_by_parent = {}
         books = cls.objects.all().order_by('parent_number', 'sort_key').only(
-                'title', 'parent', 'slug', 'language')
+                'title', 'parent', 'slug')
         if filter:
             books = books.filter(filter).distinct()
             book_ids = set((book.pk for book in books))
@@ -955,6 +936,16 @@ class Book(models.Model):
         audiences = sorted(set([self._audiences_pl[a] for a in audiences]))
         return [a[1] for a in audiences]
 
+    def choose_fragment(self):
+        tag = self.book_tag()
+        fragments = Fragment.tagged.with_any([tag])
+        if fragments.exists():
+            return fragments.order_by('?')[0]
+        elif self.parent:
+            return self.parent.choose_fragment()
+        else:
+            return None
+
 
 def _has_factory(ftype):
     has = lambda self: bool(getattr(self, "%s_file" % ftype))
@@ -990,7 +981,7 @@ class Fragment(models.Model):
         verbose_name_plural = _('fragments')
 
     def get_absolute_url(self):
-        return '%s#m%s' % (self.book.get_html_url(), self.anchor)
+        return '%s#m%s' % (reverse('book_text', args=[self.book.slug]), self.anchor)
 
     def reset_short_html(self):
         if self.id is None:
@@ -998,12 +989,12 @@ class Fragment(models.Model):
 
         cache_key = "Fragment.short_html/%d/%s"
         for lang, langname in settings.LANGUAGES:
-            cache.delete(cache_key % (self.id, lang))
+            permanent_cache.delete(cache_key % (self.id, lang))
 
     def short_html(self):
         if self.id:
             cache_key = "Fragment.short_html/%d/%s" % (self.id, get_language())
-            short_html = cache.get(cache_key)
+            short_html = permanent_cache.get(cache_key)
         else:
             short_html = None
 
@@ -1013,10 +1004,28 @@ class Fragment(models.Model):
             short_html = unicode(render_to_string('catalogue/fragment_short.html',
                 {'fragment': self}))
             if self.id:
-                cache.set(cache_key, short_html, CACHE_FOREVER)
+                permanent_cache.set(cache_key, short_html)
             return mark_safe(short_html)
 
 
+class Collection(models.Model):
+    """A collection of books, which might be defined before publishing them."""
+    title = models.CharField(_('title'), max_length=120, db_index=True)
+    slug = models.SlugField(_('slug'), max_length=120, primary_key=True)
+    description = models.TextField(_('description'), null=True, blank=True)
+
+    models.SlugField(_('slug'), max_length=120, unique=True, db_index=True)
+    book_slugs = models.TextField(_('book slugs'))
+
+    class Meta:
+        ordering = ('title',)
+        verbose_name = _('collection')
+        verbose_name_plural = _('collections')
+
+    def __unicode__(self):
+        return self.title
+
+
 ###########
 #
 # SIGNALS
@@ -1027,7 +1036,8 @@ class Fragment(models.Model):
 def _tags_updated_handler(sender, affected_tags, **kwargs):
     # reset tag global counter
     # we want Tag.changed_at updated for API to know the tag was touched
-    Tag.objects.filter(pk__in=[tag.pk for tag in affected_tags]).update(book_count=None, changed_at=datetime.now())
+    for tag in affected_tags:
+        touch_tag.delay(tag)
 
     # if book tags changed, reset book tag counter
     if isinstance(sender, Book) and \